Ask an Arborist: When is the Best Time to Plant Trees?

Introduction

Welcome to our “Ask an Arborist” series from Townsend Arborcare. The series is designed to share the wealth of knowledge and experience our certified arborists have by answering your most pressing tree questions. Today, we’ll focus on a fundamental yet crucial topic: when is the best time to plant trees?

Planting a tree at the right time can ensure that it thrives in its chosen environment. Trees not only enhance the aesthetic appeal of your landscape but also offer numerous benefits like improving air quality, increasing property value and supporting local wildlife. We’re here to provide you with detailed information on the best time to plant trees, the importance of trees as well as insights into proper planting techniques and ongoing care to ensure their healthy growth.

When is the Best Time to Plant Trees?

The ideal time to plant a tree is when the tree is dormant, usually late fall after leaf drop or early spring before bud break. This period allows the tree to establish its root system without the stress of excessive heat or the demand of new growth. Depending on the species, some trees are best planted in the spring, while others fare better when planted in the fall.

The Importance of Trees

Trees are invaluable to our environment and well-being for numerous reasons. According to the International Society of Arboriculture, trees provide significant benefits including:

• Environmental Benefits: Trees improve air quality by absorbing harmful pollutants, producing oxygen and cooling urban areas through shading and evapotranspiration.
• Economic Benefits: Well-placed trees can reduce energy bills by providing shade in the summer and acting as windbreaks in the winter, thereby reducing the need for air conditioning and heating.
• Social Benefits: Trees contribute to the overall quality of life by providing spaces for relaxation and recreation, reducing stress and enhancing mental health.
• Ecological Benefits: Trees support wildlife habitats and promote biodiversity, serving as homes to various species of birds, insects and other wildlife.

Site Assessment and Soil Preparation

Before planting a tree, it’s crucial to assess the planting site and prepare the soil adequately. Here are several factors to consider:

Soil Type and Drainage

The type of soil and its drainage properties significantly impact the health and survival of a tree. For instance:

• Heavy, Clay Soils: These tend to retain water, leading to prolonged wet conditions that can suffocate tree roots and cause rot. Consider planting trees that are tolerant of such conditions or amending the soil to improve drainage.
• Compacted Soils: If the ground has been compacted due to construction or regular foot traffic, it may lack sufficient air and water movement. Aeration may be necessary to improve soil structure and promote healthy root development.

Site History

Understanding the history of your planting site can provide insights into potential challenges and help predict tree health. If the soil has been disturbed or compacted from previous construction, remedial actions such as soil aeration may be required. Aeration can enhance air and water exchange, promoting a healthier growing environment for your tree.

Surrounding Environment

Consider the surrounding environment, including potential future conflicts with other natural habitats and overhead utilities when planting trees. Trees planted too closely to each other or to structures may face health issues and complications. Proper site planning can help avoid these conflicts and ensure adequate space for tree growth.

Tree Selection

Choosing the right tree species is vital for ensuring long-term success. The following considerations should guide your selection:

• Mature Size: Always consider the mature size of the tree before planting to avoid overcrowding and potential conflicts with structures, walkways and other vegetation.
• Local Climate and Soil: Select tree species that are well-adapted to the local climate and soil conditions. Native species are usually the best choice because they acclimated to local conditions and support local wildlife.
• Purpose of Planting: Determine the primary purpose of your tree planting endeavor, whether for shade, decorative purposes, fruit production or as a windbreak.
• Disease and Pest Resistance: Research common issues in your area and select species with known resistance to those problems.
• Growth Rate: Decide between fast-growing trees, which provide immediate benefits but might have weaker wood, and slow-growing trees, which take longer to mature but tend to be stronger and longer-lived.

Planting Techniques

Correct planting techniques are crucial for the survival and health of the tree. Follow these steps for optimal results, as recommended by the International Society of Arboriculture:

Digging the Hole

• Size of the Hole: Dig a hole that is 2-3 times wider than the root ball of the tree but no deeper. This gives the roots enough room to spread out and establishes better stability.
• Shape of the Hole: The ideal hole should be saucer-shaped with sloping sides. This encourages roots to grow outward rather than downward, promoting better anchorage and nutrient access.

Positioning the Tree

• Root Flare: Place the tree in the hole, ensuring that the root flare (where the roots spread out at the base of the tree) is level with or slightly above the surrounding ground. Planting too deep can suffocate the tree.
• Orientation: If the tree has a preferred side, such as leaning or fuller foliage on one side, position it in a way that maximizes its aesthetic and functional benefits.

Backfilling

• Use of Original Soil: Fill the hole with the original soil removed during excavation. Avoid using soil amendments as they can create adverse conditions for root growth, causing roots to stay in the planting hole rather than spreading out.
• Soil Lightly Tamped: Lightly tamp the soil to remove air pockets, which can cause root desiccation. Be careful not to compact the soil too much, as this can impede root growth.

Watering and Mulching

• Water the Tree Thoroughly: After planting to settle the soil and encourage root establishment.
• Apply Mulch: Apply a 2–4-inch layer of mulch around the tree, keeping it away from the trunk. Mulch helps retain soil moisture, regulate soil temperature and reduce competition from weeds.

Post-planting Care

Ongoing care is essential for a newly planted tree to thrive. Consider the following best practices:

Watering

Proper watering is critical during the first few years until the tree is well-established.

• Frequency: Newly planted trees should be watered regularly, especially during dry periods. Avoid over-watering as this can cause root rot.
• Technique: Water deeply and slowly to ensure that the root zone is adequately moistened. A soaker hose or slow-release watering bag can be beneficial.

Mulching

Replenish mulch as needed to maintain a 2-4 inch layer. Ensure to keep the mulch away from the trunk to prevent rot and pest issues.

Pruning

Minimal pruning is needed during the first couple of years. Remove only dead or damaged branches. Formative pruning can help develop a strong structure.

Monitoring

Regularly inspect the tree for signs of stress, pests or disease. Early detection allows for better management and treatment.

Fertilization

Conduct a soil test to identify deficiencies and provide necessary nutrients in the right quantities.

Staking

Stakes should only be temporary, removed after the first growing season to encourage natural trunk strengthening.

Conclusion

The key to successful tree planting lies in careful planning, proper selection and ongoing care. As you embark on this journey, you’ll not only enhance your landscape but also contribute positively to the environment and community.

Let Townsend Arborcare Help You

At Townsend Arborcare, our certified arborists are here to ensure that your tree planting process is seamless and successful. Whether you’re choosing which trees to plant or need assistance with installation, we’re just a call away.